Panopticons and Closing Civic Space: The Building Blocks of Digital Authoritarianism

Presents the risk complex digital infrastructures pose to democratic values, arguing extraordinary advances in computing power, and ‘datafication’ have led to:   i) A misalignment of political and economic values perverting the public sphere through disinformation, propaganda, and harassment;  ii) New digital national ID cards, social credit systems, and other forms of surveillance that close civic space, increase human rights abuses, and make anonymity impossible.